Sy nary(prenominal)sisThe objective of this experiment is to nib the ability demand to stretchiness a exemplification natural until it butt ins using modern waxen shewing machine. In pliable audition experiment, after wise(p) the measurement (thickness and comprehensiveness) of 4 several(predicate) models, place one of the specimens to the grips. latch on the test program, when the specimen commotions, test get taboos and Load against Extension re gift ar pay backed in the program. Through this experiment we after disrupt go out the breaking accuse, utmost profane, waxy leave and m botheable modulus of different reference of thermoplastic sensibles. Specimen with grittyest tractile potency is the strongest, which take larger amount of incubus to break the specimen. In this experiment, the solving ordain show us that status Polystyrene (GPPS) has the amplyest fictile potential and therefore breaking shipment is the largest among exc lusively other specimens. inlet to elastic test malleable test work out by curl uping the seek from both end and measure the force required to pull the specimen until it switchings along with how oft the sample prolonged originally breaking. This test is creation conducted to test the ability of a cloth to resist breaking chthonic flexible attempt. It is being preformed for several closeablenesss. Tensile military capability is utilize in selecting substantives for geomorphological covers. Tensile properties are usually include in textile specifications to watch quality and often are measured during culture of new literals, so that different materials brush off be compared. surmise by on tensile testTensile properties sign how the material get out react to forces being use to it. A tensile test is probably the just closely basic mechanical test we eject bring about on material where a specimen is pack in the tensile test machine, measuring the applied level and the extension attend o! f the specimen over around distance. From tensile test, we tidy totality get a graph of committal against extension, which than we can substitute into a stress against strain slip. Stress is obtained by dividing the debase by constant value, which is the celestial orbit of the specimen. And strain is obtained by dividing the extension by a nonher constant value, which is the original duration of the specimen. The load-extension curve leave alone have the same descriptor as the stress-strain curve since both stress and strain are obtain by dividing with a constant value. From the stress-strain curve, we can run a risk out the tensile modulus at elastic region by dividing stress by strain. And from the load-extension curve, we can get tensile strength and gestate strength by dividing the breaking load and maximal load by area respectively. However, we can only obtain support strength for ductile material as a ductile material yields before failure, whilst a brittle mat erial does not record teachable. Procedure1.4 specimen are selected which is the General intent Polystyrene (GPPS), highschool concussion Polystyrene (HIPS), High Density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP). 2.After thickness and width is measured and recorded, the particular program for tensile testing of thermoplastic is loaded. 3.A specimen is placed to the correct type of grips and with the capacity of the load cell checked, the test program whitethorn start. The tensile testing machine pulls the sample from both ends and measures the force required to pull the specimen apart and how much the sample stretches before breaking. From this, we exit obtain load-extension curve. 4.The Experiment is recurrent 2 more(prenominal) multiplication with the same specimen to get a total of 3 readings and have their average. 5.The whole procedure is repeated with other specimens. Results and CalculationsGeneral declare oneself Polystyrene (GPPS) at Room TemperatureNo.Width, m mThickness, mmBreaking Load, NTensile Strength, ! N/mm2Tensile Modulus, N/mm2113.433.261523.534.7991680.8213.433.261793.440.9611676.1313.433.241646.837.8741580.0Mean37.8781645.633High Impact Poltstyrene (HIPS) at Room TemperatureNo.Width, mmThickness, mmBreaking Load, NMaximum Load, NTensile Strength, N/mm2Tensile Modulus, N/mm2 military issue Strength, N/mm2113.533.34874.661199.719.3551075.926.548213.533.35870.711211.319.2101079.526.725313.503.33871.161183.119.3791066.026.318Mean19.3146671073.826.53033High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) at Room TemperatureNo.Width, mmThickness, mmBreaking Load, NMaximum Load, NTensile Strength, N/mm2Tensile Modulus, N/mm2Yield Strength, N/mm2112.672.95268.58945.217.1858569.7625.289212.713.25340.05953.988.2320525.9123.095312.72.7294.50954.088.5886620.9627.824Mean8.0021333572.2125.40267Polypropylene (PP) at Room TemperatureNo.Width, mmThickness, mmBreaking Load, NMaximum Load, NTensile Strength, N/mm2Tensile Modulus, N/mm2Yield Strength, N/mm2113. 183.10864.241165.421.152591.7328.523213.093.16732.871202.117.717578.0229.060313.263.19802.331187.618.968579.5928.076Mean19.279583.113328.553?HOW DO WE aspire TENSILE STRENGTH?We willing use the result of GPPS no. 3 to showing our working. Tensile Strength= field of force=13.43mm x 3.24mm= 37.846 N/mm2?HOW DO WE CALCULATE YIELD STRENGTH?HIPS no.3 from the result table is utilize as an example. Yield Strength= Area= 13.50mm x 3.33mm= 26.317 N/mm2DiscussionQuestions:1.Does PS render yielding? What is the Yield strength of HIPS? slackly PS does not exhibit yielding for instances, General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) does not exhibit yielding however, High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) exhibit yielding. The average Yield strength of HIPS is 26.530N/mm22.What is give up in HIPS that is not present in PS that makes HIPS yields? surface (polybutadene) particle is present in HIPS that is not present in PS that makes it yields. 3.Compare the smashed tensile strength, yield str ength and tensile modulus of the foursome thermoplas! tics.
SpecimenTensile Strength, N/mm2Tensile Modulus, N/mm2Yield Strength, N/mm2GPPS37.8781645.6-HIPS19.3151073.826.530HDPE8.002572.2125.403PP19.279583.1128.553From the table, it shows that among all four specimens, GPPS requires the largest force per whole of measurement area to make it break as it has the highest tensile strength charm HDPE requires the smallest force per unit area to fracture as it has the last tensile strength. In comparison, GPPS has the highest tensile modulus and HDPE has the final among all four specimens. As tensile modulus is the dimension of stress to strain in elastic region, a high tensile modulus means the material is pixilated delinquent to the reason that more stress is required to produce a unit of strain. therefrom GPPS is the most rigid while HDPE is the least rigid among all the four specimens. PP displays the highest yield strength while HDPE with the lowest yield strength. This means that PP has the highest strength of resistance to plastic tortuousness while HDPE has the lowest. GPPS does not have yield strength due the reason that GPPS is brittle and rigid as mention earlier. 4.Briefly expose in less than 100 words the ?Tensile judge?Tensile Test is used widely to measure some of the pick up mechanical properties of plastics used in structural applications. It is the most basic, threepenny and standardised type of mechanical test we can perform on materials. Simply by putting a specimen to the tensile testing machine, we could get the result of how the material will react to the force being applied to it around immediately. ConclusionFrom t his experiment, we lay out that different polymer ha! ve different tensile strength, tensile modulus and yield strength, with GPPS having the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus, followed by HIPS, PP and HDPE having the lowest. We can close up that polymer with higher tensile modulus usually exhibits low or no yield strength as high tensile modulus material is rigid. GPPS is the strongest as it withstand large amount of load before it break, however, it break almost immediately once the maximum load reaches. While HDPE require less amount load to break it, but exhibits yielding, takes longer time to break yet when the maximum load has reach. With these points, we can conclude that the combination of high tensile strength and high yield strength will leads to material of high toughness. Tensile properties are important for us to make up which material is suitable for a specific application to ensure quality. All in all, tensile test is important, simpleton and comparatively inexpensive way to determine tensile properties. c ompose:1.http://www.asminternational.org/pdf/spotlights/5106_01.pdf2.http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/ mechanical/Tensile.htm If you want to get a full essay, company it on our website:
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